NoSQL Overview
- NoSQL (Not SQL or Not Only SQL) is a generic term used for databases that do not depend on a relational model.
- NoSQL databases are typically distributed database systems where several machines work together in clusters.
- The data does not need to have a strict schema.
Core NoSQL technologies are:
Document stores
Key-value stores
Column family databases
Graph databases
How NoSQL Works
Basic idea behind NoSQL is to optimize the database performance for horizontal scaling,
Large data volumes, and low latency by foregoing some data consistency restrictions present in RDBMSs
NoSQL databases offer flexible models instead of rigid data models such as tables, columns, or rows
In use cases that do not require relational consistency, these models help NoSQLs perform better than relational databases
Features of NoSQL Databases
NoSQL databases are structurally diverse and offer various data storage models
There are, however, several common attributes that distinguish NoSQL from relational databases.
Supported Data Models
NoSQL databases are extremely flexible when it comes to handling data
They can ingest structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data
Different data models handle specific application requirements.
Developers and architects choose a NoSQL database to more easily handle different agile application development requirements
The ideal is to support multiple data models, which allows you to use the same data in different data model types without having to manage a completely different database
Scalable Architecture
It’s not that relational databases can’t scale, it’s that they can’t scale EASILY or CHEAPLY which means scaling UP via bigger and bigger hardware servers as opposed to OUT or worse via sharding
Sharding means dividing a database into smaller chunks across multiple hardware servers instead of a single large server, and this leads to operational administration headaches
Instead, look for a NoSQL database with a masterless, peer-to-peer architecture with all nodes being the same
This allows easy scaling to adapt to the data volume and complexity of cloud applications
This scalability also improves performance, allowing for continuous availability and very high read/write speeds.
Differences Between NoSQL and SQL
NoSQL MongoDB Example
{
"_id": 1,
"first_name": "Leslie",
"last_name": "Yepp",
"cell": "8125552344",
"city": "Pawnee",
"hobbies": ["scrapbooking", "eating waffles", "working"]
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