Importing the libraries
import vis
import keras
from vis.visualization import visualize_saliencyReading the images
loc = "./TEST.jpeg"
loc1 = "./TEST1.jpeg"
loc2 = "./TEST3.jpg"Download vgg16
# step 1 ---> download vgg16
from keras.applications.vgg16 import VGG16
from keras.utils.vis_utils import plot_model
from keras.preprocessing.image import load_img
model = VGG16(
include_top=True,
weights="imagenet",
input_tensor=None,
input_shape=None,
pooling=None,
classes=1000,
)#vgg16 architecture
model.summary()Output:
Model: "vgg16" _________________________________________________________________ Layer (type) Output Shape Param # ================================================================= input_1 (InputLayer) (None, 224, 224, 3) 0 _________________________________________________________________ block1_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 224, 224, 64) 1792 _________________________________________________________________ block1_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 224, 224, 64) 36928 _________________________________________________________________ block1_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 112, 112, 64) 0 _________________________________________________________________ block2_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 112, 112, 128) 73856 _________________________________________________________________ block2_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 112, 112, 128) 147584 _________________________________________________________________ block2_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 56, 56, 128) 0 _________________________________________________________________ block3_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 56, 56, 256) 295168 _________________________________________________________________ block3_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 56, 56, 256) 590080 _________________________________________________________________ block3_conv3 (Conv2D) (None, 56, 56, 256) 590080 _________________________________________________________________ block3_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 28, 28, 256) 0 _________________________________________________________________ block4_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 28, 28, 512) 1180160 _________________________________________________________________ block4_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 28, 28, 512) 2359808 _________________________________________________________________ block4_conv3 (Conv2D) (None, 28, 28, 512) 2359808 _________________________________________________________________ block4_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 14, 14, 512) 0 _________________________________________________________________ block5_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 14, 14, 512) 2359808 _________________________________________________________________ block5_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 14, 14, 512) 2359808 _________________________________________________________________ block5_conv3 (Conv2D) (None, 14, 14, 512) 2359808 _________________________________________________________________ block5_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 7, 7, 512) 0 _________________________________________________________________ flatten (Flatten) (None, 25088) 0 _________________________________________________________________ fc1 (Dense) (None, 4096) 102764544 _________________________________________________________________ fc2 (Dense) (None, 4096) 16781312 _________________________________________________________________ predictions (Dense) (None, 1000) 4097000 ================================================================= Total params: 138,357,544 Trainable params: 138,357,544 Non-trainable params: 0
plot_model(model, to_file='vgg.png')Output:
# loading multiple images
image = load_img(loc, target_size=(224, 224))
image1 = load_img(loc1, target_size=(224, 224))
image2 = load_img(loc2, target_size=(224, 224))from keras.preprocessing.image import img_to_array
from keras.applications.vgg16 import preprocess_input
# convert the image pixels to a numpy array
image = img_to_array(image)
image1 = img_to_array(image1)
image2 = img_to_array(image2)
image = image.reshape((1, image.shape[0], image.shape[1], image.shape[2]))
image1 = image1.reshape((1, image1.shape[0], image1.shape[1], image1.shape[2]))
image2 = image2.reshape((1, image2.shape[0], image2.shape[1], image2.shape[2]))# prepare the image for the VGG model
image = preprocess_input(image)
image1 = preprocess_input(image1)
image2 = preprocess_input(image2)#making predictions
yhat = model.predict(image)
yhat1 = model.predict(image1)
yhat2 = model.predict(image2)from keras.applications.vgg16 import decode_predictions
# convert the probabilities to class labels
label = decode_predictions(yhat)
label1 = decode_predictions(yhat1)
label2 = decode_predictions(yhat2)
# retrieve the most likely result, e.g. highest probability
label = label[0][0]
label1 = label1[0][0]
label2 = label2[0][0]
# print the classification
print('%s (%.2f%%)' % (label[1], label[2]*100))
print('%s (%.2f%%)' % (label1[1], label1[2]*100))
print('%s (%.2f%%)' % (label2[1], label2[2]*100))Output:
Egyptian_cat (67.73%) French_bulldog (31.71%) vulture (99.98%)
!wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raghakot/keras-vis/master/resources/imagenet_class_index.json"#parsing classes
import json
CLASS_INDEX = json.load(open("imagenet_class_index.json"))
classlabel = []
for i_dict in range(len(CLASS_INDEX)):
classlabel.append(CLASS_INDEX[str(i_dict)][1])
print("N of class={}".format(len(classlabel)))Output:
N of class=1000
#input images
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
_img = load_img(loc,target_size=(224,224))
plt.imshow(_img)
plt.show()
_img1 = load_img(loc1,target_size=(224,224))
plt.imshow(_img1)
plt.show()
_img2 = load_img(loc2,target_size=(224,224))
plt.imshow(_img2)
plt.show()
Output:
Top 5 Predictions
#top 5 predictions
import numpy as np
class_idxs_sorted = np.argsort(yhat.flatten())[::-1]
class_idxs_sorted1 = np.argsort(yhat1.flatten())[::-1]
class_idxs_sorted2 = np.argsort(yhat2.flatten())[::-1]
topNclass = 5
print('for first image\n')
for i, idx in enumerate(class_idxs_sorted[:topNclass]):
print("Top {} predicted class: Pr(Class={:18} [index={}])={:5.3f}".format(
i + 1,classlabel[idx],idx,yhat[0,idx]))
print('for second image\n')
for i, idx in enumerate(class_idxs_sorted1[:topNclass]):
print("Top {} predicted class: Pr(Class={:18} [index={}])={:5.3f}".format(
i + 1,classlabel[idx],idx,yhat1[0,idx]))
print('for third image\n')
for i, idx in enumerate(class_idxs_sorted2[:topNclass]):
print("Top {} predicted class: Pr(Class={:18} [index={}])={:5.3f}".format(
i + 1,classlabel[idx],idx,yhat2[0,idx]))Output:
for first image Top 1 predicted class: Pr(Class=Egyptian_cat [index=285])=0.677 Top 2 predicted class: Pr(Class=tabby [index=281])=0.213 Top 3 predicted class: Pr(Class=tiger_cat [index=282])=0.082 Top 4 predicted class: Pr(Class=lynx [index=287])=0.019 Top 5 predicted class: Pr(Class=Persian_cat [index=283])=0.004 for second image Top 1 predicted class: Pr(Class=French_bulldog [index=245])=0.317 Top 2 predicted class: Pr(Class=boxer [index=242])=0.251 Top 3 predicted class: Pr(Class=bull_mastiff [index=243])=0.188 Top 4 predicted class: Pr(Class=American_Staffordshire_terrier [index=180])=0.149 Top 5 predicted class: Pr(Class=Staffordshire_bullterrier [index=179])=0.039 for third image Top 1 predicted class: Pr(Class=vulture [index=23])=1.000 Top 2 predicted class: Pr(Class=hen [index=8])=0.000 Top 3 predicted class: Pr(Class=cock [index=7])=0.000 Top 4 predicted class: Pr(Class=black_stork [index=128])=0.000 Top 5 predicted class: Pr(Class=macaw [index=88])=0.000
from vis.utils import utils
layer_idx = utils.find_layer_idx(model, 'predictions')# Swap softmax with linear
model.layers[layer_idx].activation = keras.activations.linear
model = utils.apply_modifications(model)Creating Saliency Maps
# Saliency Maps
from vis.visualization import visualize_saliency
img = img_to_array(_img)
img = preprocess_input(img)
class_idx = class_idxs_sorted[0]
grad_top1 = visualize_saliency(model,
layer_idx,
filter_indices = class_idx,
seed_input = img[np.newaxis,...])
img1 = img_to_array(_img1)
img1 = preprocess_input(img1)
class_idx1 = class_idxs_sorted[0]
grad_top11 = visualize_saliency(model,
layer_idx,
filter_indices = class_idx,
seed_input = img1[np.newaxis,...])
img2 = img_to_array(_img2)
img2 = preprocess_input(img2)
class_idx2 = class_idxs_sorted[0]
grad_top12 = visualize_saliency(model,
layer_idx,
filter_indices = class_idx,
seed_input = img2[np.newaxis,...])# visualize SALIENCY MAPS
def plot_map(grads,_img,yhat):
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1,2,figsize=(14,5))
axes[0].imshow(_img)
axes[1].imshow(_img)
i = axes[1].imshow(grads,cmap="jet",alpha=0.8)
fig.colorbar(i)
plt.suptitle("Pr(class={}) = {:5.2f}".format(
classlabel[class_idx],
yhat[0,class_idx]))
plot_map(grad_top1,_img,yhat)
plot_map(grad_top11,_img1,yhat1)
plot_map(grad_top12,_img2,yhat2)
Output:
#class activation map CAM
from vis.visualization import visualize_cam
penultimate_layer_idx = utils.find_layer_idx(model, "block5_conv3")
class_idx = class_idxs_sorted[0]
seed_input = img
grad_top1 = visualize_cam(model, layer_idx, class_idx, seed_input,
penultimate_layer_idx = penultimate_layer_idx,#None,
backprop_modifier = None,
grad_modifier = None)
seed_input = img1
grad_top11 = visualize_cam(model, layer_idx, class_idx, seed_input,
penultimate_layer_idx = penultimate_layer_idx,#None,
backprop_modifier = None,
grad_modifier = None)
seed_input = img2
grad_top12 = visualize_cam(model, layer_idx, class_idx, seed_input,
penultimate_layer_idx = penultimate_layer_idx,#None,
backprop_modifier = None,
grad_modifier = None)
def plot_cam_map(grads,_img,yhat):
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1,2,figsize=(14,5))
axes[0].imshow(_img)
axes[1].imshow(_img)
i = axes[1].imshow(grads,cmap="jet",alpha=0.8)
fig.colorbar(i)
plt.suptitle("Pr(class={}) = {:5.2f}".format(
classlabel[class_idx],
yhat[0,class_idx]))
plot_cam_map(grad_top1,_img,yhat)
plot_cam_map(grad_top11,_img1,yhat1)
plot_cam_map(grad_top12,_img2,yhat2)Output:
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